A. Look at the picture and talk about it:

Read the following passage:

Mina draws pictures. She puts colours on her drawings. She likes to use bright colours. She shows her drawings to her teachers. She also shows the drawings to her friends. All of them like the drawings and praise her. Drawing pictures is her favourite pastime.

Count the sentences in the passage.

A sentence is a group of words which gives a complete meaning and it must have a subject and a verb.

Birds sing in the morning.

Subject + v + extension

B. Ask and answer the following questions:

a) What do you do in your spare time?
b) Write 3 sentences about your pastime.

1. _________________
2._________________
3._________________

c) What class do you read in?

1 ___________

d) What is the name of your school?

The name __________

e) What is the name of your country?

_______________________

Now divide the answers into the basic elements: subject + verb + extension

C. Read the following passage:

Sumi writes stories. Story writing is her hobby. She writes stories both in Bangla and English. Some of her stories are published in the school magazine. Her friends and teachers read those stories. They praise her write-up. Her parents also encourage her to write stories. _________

Write more sentences to complete the passage about Sumi.

Note. To write anything we have to use sentences. To describe anything in speech or writing we have to use sentences. We also listen to and read sentences in conversations and in text books, newspapers and other written materials. Without using correct sentences we cannot communicate effectively.

D. Read the following passage:

Milon is very attentive in his studies. He never spends time playing only. One day his father was going to market. He said to Milon, "What do you want me to buy for you?" Milon said, "Bring some paper for me father, please." His father brought paper for him and a beautiful pen also. Milon said to his father, "What a beautiful pen it is! Thank you, father." His father said, "You are welcome. May you be happy."

Note. There are different kinds of sentences in the passage. Note the types:

1. Milon is very attentive in study. -Affirmative statement
2. He never spends time playing only. -Negative statement
3. What do you want me to buy for you? - Interrogative sentence
4. Bring some paper for me father, please. - Imperative sentence
5. What a beautiful pen it is! - Exclamatory sentence
6. May you be happy. - Optative sentence

We will learn more about all these kinds of sentences in the following lessons.

E. 1. Look at the following picture and talk about it:

2. Write 10 sentences about what you see in the picture.

A. Read the passage below:

Saheen : Hi Keya! You're here; I was looking for you.

Keya : Hi Saheen! I'm playing 'Cricket 2007'

Saheen : Are you? I tried it also. But I like outdoor games more.

Keya : I can't play cricket outside. I play basket ball.

Saheen : Do you have a court at your house?

Keya : No, I play in our school. We've a basket ball court in our school. Our game teacher supervises us when we practice basket ball.

Saheen : That's good. We don't have any basket ball court in our school. We have an open field. We play cricket and football. Our game teacher supervises us.

Keya : I can swim. What about you?

Saheen : Yes, I too can swim. Can you ride a bicycle?

Keya : No, I can't ride a bicycle. I'll learn it in the winter vacation.

Saheen : Try it. Cycling is a useful exercise.

The underlined sentences are statements. Statements are of two types. 1. Affirmative and 2. Negative.

B. Ask and answer the following questions:

a) Can you write your name?
b) Can you ride a bicycle?
c) Can you swim?
d) Do you have a computer at your home?
e) Do you like to speak English?

These are Yes/No questions. The answers to these questions will begin with Yes/No. Answer the questions in full sentences. One is done for you:

Yes, I can write my name. / No, I can't write my name.

1 ____________/ ______________

2 ___________/ ______________

3.___________/ ______________

4 ___________/_______________

In each case, the first answer is affirmative and the second answer is negative.

Read the following sentences:

a) I have a car. (affirmative)
b) I don't have any car. (negative)
c) Sumon went to Dhaka last week. (affirmative)
d) Milon didn't go to Dhaka last week. (negative)

C. Read the sentences in the table below and write three more pairs of sentences in the empty rows:

Note. When we say or state something in a positive sense, it is affirmative. On the other hand, when we state something in a negative sense, it is a negative sentence.

Read the following text:

Mita is reading in class 7. She is a good student. She is always attentive in her study. All her teachers like her. She is the best student in the class.

What kind of sentences are these?

Read the text with negative sentences:

Mita is not reading in class seven. Is she not a good student? She is never inattentive in her study. None of the teachers dislikes her. No other student in the class is as good as she.

Note. Affirmative sentences can be changed into negative sentences without changing the meaning. The examples are given above.

D. Read the following sentences in Column A and match them with the negative sentences in Column B. One is done for you:

E. Match the sentences on the right column with those on the left. One is done for you:

A. Read the following dialogue and identify the questions:

Shopkeeper : Good evening sir! How can I help you?

Customer : Good evening! Can I get any English newspaper?

Shopkeeper : Sure sir. We have dailies and some monthlies and quarterlies. Which one do you like to have?

Customer : I want a daily newspaper please.

Shopkeeper : Here you are!

Customer : Thank you. How much is it?

Shopkeeper : 10 taka.

Customer : Do you have change of a 50 taka note?

Shopkeeper : Yes sir, here it is.

Customer : Thank you.

Shopkeeper : My pleasure!

1. Wh questions

Wh+ verb+ subject+ extension e.g. Why are you here?

I'm here to meet my friend. (The answer should be in words or sentences)

Wh + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb+noun/ extension. (Wh questions)

e.g. Where are you going?

I am going to market. (The answer should be in words or sentences)

2. Verbal questions

auxiliary verb + subject + main verb + extension. (Yes/No questions) e.g.: Are you going to market?

: Yes, I am.
: Do you like birds?
: Yes, I do.
: Have you done your home work?
: No, I havn't.

Answers should begin with 'yes' or 'no'.

Note. The questions that start with verbs (do, did, am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, shall, will) are called verbal questions.

B. Read and act out the dialogue:

Sajib : Hello! How are you?

Panna : Fine. Thank you. How are you?

Sajib : Fine also, thank you. How is your study?

Panna : Good. How's yours?

Sajib : Also good. Where are you going this way? Shopping?

Panna : Right! I have to buy a pen and some other things from a grocery.

Sajib : The shop will be closed at 8 o'clock. What time is it?

Panna : It is a quarter past 7, so I may be late!

Sajib : I'm afraid so, go ahead. See you tomorrow.

Panna : Thanks, bye!

Underline the interrogative sentences in the dialogue above.

C. Write a dialogue between you and your friend to get some information to write a paragraph on 'My friend'.

D. Write a paragraph on 'My friend'.

E. Read the passage below:

Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. It is on the bank of the river Buriganga. Dhaka is a very old city. It was also the capital city during the Mughal reign. Once upon a time, in the Mughal period, the name of Dhaka was Jahangirnagar. Once Dhaka was a very calm and clean city and comfortable to live in. Now it is a crowdy place with traffic jam and floating people. The city is increasing day by day in its size to all sides. To overcome the traffic jam and to face the load of increasing transports flyovers are being built in Dhaka. The concerned authority is always busy finding out ways to improve the quality of living in Dhaka, the largest city of Bangladesh.

Now, ask 5-6 questions whose answers are found in the passage. For example: What is the capital of Bangladesh?

F. Make questions with the words in the following table and ask and answer them. (one is done for you):

Do I clean the board?

A. Read the story:

"The sky is cloudy. There may be a storm and rain within a short time. Shut the windows" said mother. "Don't go outside at this time," she also said. "Ok mother, we're not going anywhere. Let's go and hear a story from grandmother." The kids went to their grandmother and said loudly together, "Please grandma, tell us a story of ghosts. It's raining outside, we can't go out to play." Grandmother was going to say her prayers. She said, "Don't shout! Sit here silently." They took seats around her. She finished her prayer. Then she said to her grand children, "Listen attentively, I'm telling you a story about a ghost. To show your attention, say yes. Do you understand?" "Yes grandma" said the kids. "Once upon a time there were two sisters in a village beside a jungle. They lived in a hut made of bamboo and dry leaves. One day they went to the bazaar far away from their village. They bought a big Hilsha fish, a little oil and salt. Coming back from the bazaar in the evening the sisters started cooking their supper. They were frying the Hilsha. A very good smell was coming out of that fried fish. Well kids, remember what I told you." "Yes" shouted the kids all together. "Good my dear. There was a ghost of one eye and one horn in the jungle near their hut. He was attracted by the smell of the Hilsha fry and ran towards the hut. Coming at the door of the hut he said,

"Open the door. I want to eat the fish fry." The sisters were afraid at first to hear the crying of the ghost in nasal sound. They remained silent and looking at each other. The ghost again shouted, "Open the door, or I'll break in." The kids again said, "Yes" "The sisters quickly designed a plan to punish the ghost. The elder sister Halu said to the one eyed ghost, "If you want to eat the fried fish, come to the window quickly." The ghost was happy to follow the instruction of Halu. He came to the window. Then Malu, the younger sister, said, "Open your mouth. I'm giving the fish into your mouth" Then the ghost opened his mouth wide enough. Halu did a strange thing; can you guess what she did?" One of her grand children, the youngest one, said, "Put a piece of fish fry into the mouth of the ghost, right grandma?" She smiled to her, "You also like to have a fish fry, don't you? But that didn't happen exactly. Halu brought a hot fire wood and pushed it into the mouth of the ghost! The ghost started to cry by the burning. He fled away immediately towards the jungle and was shouting again and again, "I'll never come to the hut of Halu and Malu".

B. Read the sentences below taken from the story above and guess what their functions are:

Shut the windows.
Don't go outside at this time.
Let's go and hear a story from grandmother.
Please grandma, tell us a story of ghosts.
Don't shout.
To show your attention, say yes.
Well kids, remember what I told you.
Open the door, or I'll break in.

Find out other such sentences in the story.

Note. These are imperative sentences. They express orders, commands, advice, suggestions, proposals, requests, prohibitions, and instructions. You can ask someone to do something by using an imperative sentence.

C. Read the situations below and write imperative sentences. Remember, a positive imperative begins with a main verb and a negative imperative begins with a negative auxiliary (do not / don't):

1. Ask your friend to switch on the light.

Please__________________

2. Ask for snacks in a restaurant.

Bring _________________

3. Advise your younger brother to be attentive in study.

Be attentive _______________

4. Request your mother to give something.

Please _________________

5. Ask somebody not to do something. (forbid)

Don't tell ________________

6. Teacher tells a student to go out of the room.

___________________

7. Somebody is very angry and asking someone to do something immediately.

___________________

8. Ask somebody to remember something.

___________________

9. A naughty boy is giving a threat to one of his friends.

____________________

10. Tell your classmates to go to the stadium to watch a cricket match.

________________________________________

D. Read the passage below and fill in the gaps with the words in the box:

Rifat went to his village home in the Summer holiday. He enjoyed the time very much with his cousins there. They went to many places around the village. One of his cousins showed him a bird's nest in a banyan tree. All of them were excited to see the nest and the baby birds. One of them ran to the tree and tried to climb on to catch the baby birds. Rifat said to him, "No, ___________ do that. Don't __________ away the kids from their mother." Nantu said, "But it is fun, ______________ climb the tree and watch what the kids are doing." Rifat said, "We ___________ not disturb them." Milon said, "Right, our teacher said, " __________ torture the baby birds or any other animals around us for your pleasure. It is harmful for the environment."

E

1. You went to your village to meet your relatives. You found that some village children cannot wash hands properly. Write how you will encourage them to wash their hands properly using imperative sentences.
2. Recall how your teachers gave instructions using imperative sentences and write at least five of them.
3. Does your mother/father advise/ forbid/ request you to do something using imperative sentences? Write at least 10 of them.
4. If/ you/ want/ a glass of water, how will you ask your younger brother/sister for it?

A. Shanta got the first prize in the drawing competition in her school. She told this to her cousin over telephone. Her cousin said, "Great! What a wonderful job you have done!" Her parents were also very happy to hear the news. They congratulated her and said, "What a surprise!"

Note. When we express joy, happiness and wonder, we use exclamatory sentences with the sign!. e.g. Great! What a wonderful job you have done! Can you find another sentence like this in the passage above?

B. Read the story below:

One day a crow got a piece of meat from the kitchen of a cook. He was very happy and flew away towards the forest with the piece of meat in his mouth. He sat on a branch of a tree to eat the meat. A cunning fox saw the crow with the piece of meat in his mouth. The greedy fox wanted to have that piece of meat from the crow. He came under the tree and started to praise the crow. He said, "What a beautiful bird is sitting on this tree! I never saw any one like him in my life." The crow was happy to hear that. The fox again said, "This beautiful bird can sing very sweetly I believe. Oh, how much I desire to listen to his singing!" The crow felt joy in his heart again. The fox then requested him to sing. The flattered crow opened his mouth to sing. The piece of meat dropped down and the fox picked it up. The crow said, "What a great fool I am!" He also said, "Alas! I have lost the meat."

C. Read the following sentences and notice what they look like:
-What a beautiful bird is sitting on this tree!
-Oh, how much I desire to listen to his singing!
-What a great fool I am!
-Alas! I have lost the meat.

What kind of sentences are these? What kind of feeling or emotion do they express? _____________________

D. Read the passage below:

Andrew came to Bangladesh last year. He wanted to visit a Bangladeshi river. His Bangladeshi pen-friend Nasima suggested seeing the river Bramhaputra in Mymensing, a town not very far from Dhaka. Andrew liked the idea. The journey to Mymensing took four hours from Dhaka. He said to Nasima, "Good heavens! We have reached at last." He went there with some of the local students. Andrew was highly impressed to see the beauty of the river and the two sides. He said "How charming!" They went to the other side of the river to have tea with fresh cow milk. On the way they found a place where the riverside is polluted by the garbage from a food shop. To see this Andrew said, "How can they pollute this place!" Nasima became angry to see this and said, "Curse to the people who are doing this."

Identify the exclamatory sentences in the passage above.

E. More examples of exclamatory sentences for you:

a) Hurrah! We won the series.
b) Good morning!
c) Oh, what misery in store for her!
d) Fie, they don't take care of their old parents!
e) Had I but wings to fly!
f) If I would be a Queen!

Write 5 more sentences like these.

F. Rewrite the following sentences as exclamatory sentences:

a) I wish I would be a King.
b) The garden is very charming.
c) We rejoice that our team won the match.
d) I wish you good morning sir.
e) The place is very dirty.
f) Let curse befall the traitors of the country.
g) This town is very peaceful.
h) I am very desirous to meet you once more.

G. Suppose you are for the first time on the beach of Cox's Bazar. Describe how you express your wonder in exclamatory sentences.

A. Read the poem below:

"May God bless and keep you always,
May your wishes all come true,
May you always do for others
And let others do for you.
May you build a ladder to the stars
And climb on every rung.
May you stay, forever young."
(Bob Dylan, "Forever Young." Planet Waves, 1974)

B. Here are some more optative sentences for you:

a. Hope for the best.
b. All the best.
с. May Bangladesh live long.
d. Would that I were your friend.
e. Have a nice holiday.
f. May you be happy.
g. Wish you back home safe.
h. Wish you a safe and pleasant journey.

Can you write more sentences like these?

1.____________________
2.___________________
3.___________________
4.___________________
5.___________________

C. 1. Write how you wish your friend for coming round soon from sickness.
2. Write a message wishing a happy new year to any of your close friends or relatives.
3. Pray for the welfare of your country.
4. Pray for somebody to be successful in business.
5. Pray for the Bangladesh cricket team to win the match and prepare three banners.